Meitner and Frisch also gave the correct physical interpretation of the nuclear fission mechanism. Until that moment in time nuclear fission was considered a totally unthinkable process, “as excluded by the small penetrability of the Coulomb barrier, indicated by the Gamov's theory of alpha-decay”. In a matter of days after Hahn and Strassmann communicated their yet unpublished results to Lise Meitner, she and her nephew Otto Frisch understood that an unexpected and qualitatively new type of nuclear reaction has been put in evidence and they dubbed it nuclear fission, in analogy to cell divisions in biology. The fission fragment properties are defined only after the full separation, while in most of the current approaches no full separation can be achieved, which increases the uncertainties in describing fission-related observables in such methods. In reality, the dynamics of the fissioning system is slower than in the case of pure adiabatic motion by a factor of three to four times and is strongly overdamped. Hence, the collective potential energy surface and inertia tensor, which are the essential elements of many simplified microscopic theoretical approaches, become irrelevant. The most advanced microscopic simulations of the fission process do not support the widely used assumption of adiabaticity of the large amplitude collective motion in fission, in particular for trajectories from the outer saddle toward the scission configuration. Even if accurate predictions are not within reach, being able to extract the trends with increasing excitation energy is important in various applications. Of particular importance are applications to observables that cannot be directly measured in experimental setups (such as the angular momentum distribution of the fission fragments, or the excitation energy sharing between the fission fragments, or fission of nuclei formed during the r-process), and their dependence of the excitation energy in the fissioning system. An accurate treatment compatible with our understanding of the inter-nucleon interactions should be able to describe the real-time dynamics of the fissioning system and could justify or rule out assumptions and approximations incompatible with the underlying universally accepted quantum-mechanical framework. Even though the complete description of this important nuclear reaction remains a computationally demanding task, recent developments in theoretical modeling and computational power have brought current microscopic simulations to the point where they can provide guidance and constraints to phenomenological models, without making recourse to parameters. Significant progress in the understanding of the fission process within a microscopic framework has been recently reported. 2Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos, NM, United States.1Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.Aurel Bulgac 1 * Shi Jin 1 Ionel Stetcu 2
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |